Security and Pledge – Effectiveness against third parties

Security and Pledge – Effectiveness against third parties

Art. 3153. General requirements for effectiveness of pledge against third persons. A pledge is without effect as to third persons unless it has become effective between the parties and is established by written contract.

Art. 3155. Effectiveness against third persons of the pledge of other obligations. If the thing pledged is another person’s obligation not arising under  the lease of an immovable, the pledge is effective against third persons only from the time  that the obligor has actual knowledge of the pledge or has been given notice of it.